

In other words, it has been pointed out that older adults who are overconfident that they can move without falling may also be at fall risk. However, falls have also been reported to occur when the level of fall prevention self-efficacy was excessively low or high. Fall prevention studies have reported the importance of interventions to reduce FOF, i.e., to increase fall prevention self-efficacy.

The FES is designed to evaluate the degree of confidence in one’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) without falling, with higher scores indicating greater confidence in one’s ability not to fall and higher self-efficacy in fall prevention, and lower scores indicate a greater fear of falling. Subsequently, the fall efficacy scale (FES) was developed and widely used to score and assess fear of falling. defined the fear of falling (FOF) as a psychobehavioral dimension of fear of falling that may be a fall risk factor. In previous studies performed, in the 1990s, Tinetti et al. Therefore, fall prevention is an important issue in the rehabilitation of older adults. Falls also cause a decline in quality of life (QOL), which also includes psychological aspects. Furthermore, even if falls do not result in death, traumatic injuries from falls are associated with hospitalization and treatment and have a high likelihood of decreasing physical function and activity, leading to a bedridden status. In this regard, the 2019 vital statistics reported that, among the 39,184 deaths with “unintentional causes of death”, 23.4% resulted from falls. In order to solve these issues, each citizen is required to improve their interest in health promotion and disease prevention, implement self-management of their health, and devise methods to continue living at home.

In Japan, where the super-aging society continues to accelerate, advances in medical technology tend to expedite the early discharge of hospitalized patients, while the social security system faces various social challenges, such as reductions in medical costs and an increase in the number of households with aged caregivers and individuals living alone. Future studies should analyze differences by disease and age group, which were not clarified in this study, to identify more detailed fall risk factors. These findings suggested that deviation in self-cognition of physical performance, particularly overestimation of timed cognitive ability, was a factor with more explanatory power for fall history. The odds ratios for the MFES ranged from 0.97 to 1.0, while those of cognition-error items ranged from 3.1 to 170.72. In the fall ( n = 14) and non-fall ( n = 13) groups, logistic regression analysis using Bayesian statistical methods was used to identify factors associated with falls.

Fall history in the past year, the modified fall efficacy scale (MFES), and physical performance and cognition errors were examined by evaluating the functional reach test (FRT), the stepping over test, and the timed up and go test (TUG), along with a questionnaire. Older adults using day-care services ( n = 27 with six men, mean age: 81.41 ± 7.43 years) were included in this study. This study aimed to determine how fall prevention self-efficacy and degree of deviation in self-cognition of physical performance, which have recently received attention for their potential to explain falls in combination with a wide variety of fall-related factors, as well as affect falls.
